Analysis Of The Book Witches The Absolutely True Tale Of...

In the book Witches! The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem by Rosalyn Schanzer the town of Salem starting going into a panic of the theory of witches from the fits of two girls. Everyone accusing each other, family is accusing family. Brothers are accusing brothers. Accused witches are taken to trial, but are the trials that fair? The trials were unfair because of the use of spectral evidence, the inability to testify for oneself, and the surprisingly unbiased judges. Even though it was a courtroom, spectral evidence was used in many ways. Spectral evidence is when a witness is saying that somebody’s spector or spirit appeared to them in a dream and they are using it to testify against whoever is on trial. When the accusers were having fits and screaming and thrashing in odd ways, the courtroom did not tell them to quiet down, they instead believed that the accused witch in the room was guilty, it was a horrid sight. â€Å"(According to the Salem Witch Trials- DBQ)â⠂¬  Document 6- The examination of Bridget Bishop, when she moved her head all of the afflicted moved their head, then she turned up her eyes and the afflicted turned up their eyes. When the accused witch looked or moved a muscle, the accusers magically moved the same muscle. According to Joan Holub’s What Were the Salem Witch Trials? â€Å"The girl accusers tumbled to the floor if Bridget happened to look their way, as if her invisible specter had knocked them down.† (Holub 61). Even though the accused witches plead

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1775 Words

Support for marijuana legalization is rapidly increasing throughout the United States. â€Å"A slim majority, 53% of Americans, say the drug should be made legal, compared with 44% who want it to be illegal† (Motel). What would change if marijuana was legalized federally in the United States? Would everyone be sane? A lot of things in the United States could happen by legalizing marijuana. There would be less marijuana related crimes. With all the laws that are being passed, would it be harder to tax? Would it benefit the economy? marijuana should be legalized, federally. Why is it not federally legal? â€Å"Many people assume that marijuana was made illegal through some kind of process involving scientific, medical, and government hearings; that†¦show more content†¦The government could issue a tax of $23 per pound, like tobacco. That would bring in approximately $500 million each year. Then they could even add a 10 percent sales tax to it and make an estimated $5.3 billion per year. It’s estimated that there will be a spike in business after legalization. Then after that spike it will drop from $28 billion a year to $22 billion. Gavin Ekins and Joseph Henchman explain that, â€Å"The change in tax revenues is largely from a reduction in business profits as production increases and profit margins fall. In addition, as the price of marijuana falls due to increased production, sales tax revenues should also decrease somewhat† (Ekins). When the state government passed these laws, they weren’t sure how to tax it because the federal government hadn’t legalized it. Only a few states have recreational and medical, legal. A few other states have one or the other. When you only have one you’re not going to bring in a lot of taxes. The industry will make a certain amount each year. Washington and Colorado have had marijuana legalized the longest, therefore they have the better data than the other states. The people voting were told that the legalization would bring around 2 billion dollars. marijuana can be used many different ways, but because it can be sold as a cigarette, edible, liquid, or vape, a specific tax is hard to do. Based on Tax Foundation’s statistics in Colorado, â€Å"15 percent taxShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the stat e of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the m edical side of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this would

Sammys actor Essay Example For Students

Sammys actor Essay The best part of the play was when Mickey and Eddie were 7 years old. I loved the way the actors played their characters. They made the character so believable. They also made the character believable by doing some of the things a 7 year old would do, For example, pretend that they are getting on a horse and riding on it and stretching their jumper to make it fit around his knees. It actually made me, the audience; feel that we are watching little 7 year olds playing. I never at any point in the play feel that this is an actor. Their make up was also like a 7 years olds too; they were dirty with mud and dust on their faces. Thats how 7 year old boys look when they are playing. I feel that, by having songs in the play are very effective, because it contributes to the effect the director is trying to make. I also feel that is there is a sad scene and there is sad music on in the background, it adds an effect that makes the audience cry or upset. And having dancing in it adds the finishing touches.  I also sense that lighting in a stage production is compulsory, I think this because when we do pieces of drama in our lessons and we use lighting, the drama looks much better than before because the lighting changes the whole mood of the story, for example when Mrs. Lyons sits on the floor and cries, red gels drop down on her, which makes us think that she is in the wrong. Also when the narrator (devil and conscience) comes and stands behind her the gels drop. That mainly happens in the mini nightmare sequence. I reckon that the best costumes in the whole play were Mickey and Eddies costumes, because I feel that those costumes suited the character and his status. If you look at Mickeys clothes you can see that his clothes are torn and have holes in them, from there you can see that the nor he or his mum can afford better clothes for him, on the other hand, Eddie is dressed in posh and expensive clothes to show that he is rich and can afford all these clothes. I judge that the stage was set beautifully in the play, when I say this I imply, it had backdrops that changed at the interval to show that the have moved into a new house. It also changed when Mrs. Lyons comes to Mrs. Johnstones house to talk to her then a kitchen backdrop was dropped. On the stage there was always a lamppost in right-hand corner of the stage, which was a continuous prop. The actors acted around the lamppost styling it out. As this has been the first time I have seen a professional drama performance, I submit to myself that, nearly all the actors in the play made their character incredibly believable, the three that stood out the most were, Mickeys actor (Stephen Palfreman), Eddies actor (Mark Hutchinson) and Sammys actor (Daniel Taylor). All three of these actors preformed tremendously. And made their characters so believable that I didnt think for one second that they were acting. For example when they were performing the song, kids play. The way they were running around was like they dont have a worry in the world and thats how 7 year olds are.  As I said before this is the first stage production Ive ever seen, and from my experience I feel that this was a remarkable piece of drama. I feel this way because of the acting, the story, the technical side and the musical side too. I really dont think that there is any room for improvement, because it is a marvellous the way it is.

Robert E. Lee Essays (730 words) - Fitzhugh Family Of Virginia

Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee has always been thought by many as a god-like figure. To others he was a contradiction. Born on January 19, 1807 at Stratford, Virginia, Robert E. Lee was the fourth child of Revolutionary War hero, Henry Light Horse Harry Lee, and Ann Hill Carter Lee. Raised mostly by his mother, Robert learned patience, control, and discipline from her. As a young man, he was exposed to Christianity and accepted its faith. In contrast to the strong example of his mother and the church, Robert saw his father go from failed enterprise to failed enterprise. As a result, young Robert tried harder to succeed. Robert was accepted to the United States Military Academy and graduated 2nd in his class. But perhaps greater than his academic success, was his record of no demerits while being a cadet, which today has still not been equaled. Following his graduation, Lee, like most top classmen, was given a commission as an engineer. As Lt. Lee helped build the St. Louis waterfront and worked on coastal forts in Brunswick and Savannah. It was during this time he married Mary Custis, the granddaughter of George Washington and Martha Custis Washington. In 1845, the war between the United States and Mexico broke out. Lee was given the important duties of mapping out the terrain ahead, dividing the line of advance for the U.S. troops, and in one case, leading troops into battle. Following the Mexican War, Lee returned to the service as an engineer. Now a Colonel, Lee was sent to put down a believed rebellion at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, the site of a United States arsenal. A train rushed Colonel Lee and a young aide, Lt. Jeb Stuart, with a detachment of U.S. marines to Harper's Ferry where they were able to capture radical abolitionist, John Brown, and his followers. Lee next, offered his services to the newly elected President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis. When President Davis accepted Lee's offer, Lee was made a general in the CSA service. At first, General Lee served as an advisor to President Davis and the Secretary of War. His first campaign, in what later became West Virginia, was not successful. However, his boldness and strategy made him a formidable match for every general that President Lincoln sent against him until Grant defeated him in the Battle of Attrition. Lee's greatest victory was the Battle of Chancellorsville in May of 1863. Lee was faced with a larger army led by fighting Joe Hooker. Lee and his most trusted lieutenant, General Stonewall Jackson, divided their forces, and through a forced march around General Hooker, fell on his exposed flank, rolling it up, and defeating the union forces yet again. The greatest land battle in the Western Hemisphere was fought at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd of July, 1863. The Army of Northern Virginia, led by Lee, and the Army of the Potomac, led by newly appointed General George Meade, hammered each other. On the 3rd day of battle, General Lee, hoping to end the war, ordered the great frontal assault popularly known as Pickett's Charge. After the failure of the attack, General Lee blamed only himself, but Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia fought on for two more years. General Lee surrendered at Appomatox Court House on April 9, 1865. This effectively brought the American Civil War to an end as other Confederate field commanders followed Lee's example. Following the war, Lee was almost tried as a traitor, but only had his civil rights suspended. Lee was offered the post of President of Washington University, where he served until his death in 1870. The school was later renamed Washington and Lee. As a final note, President Gerald Ford had Lee's citizenship restored. General Lee was a great strategic war general. He won many great battles for the Confederacy. The biggest battle he won was the Battle of Chancellorsville, which was against a larger Union army. Lee was brave and never lost faith in his army. Bibliography Works Cited Cayton, Andrew, Elisabeth Perry, Linda Reed, and Allan Winkler. America Pathways to the Present. Needham, Massachusetts: Prentice Hall. 2000. Williams, Kenneth. "Robert Edward Lee." 1996-2000. http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~pjdavis/lee.htm. Online. AOL. 19 Feb. 2000. The World Book Encyclopedia. p.

War of the worlds Essays

War of the worlds Essays War of the worlds Essay War of the worlds Essay This book was released In 1898 after which lead to much more. In 1938 the book was made into a radio broadcast, and in 1953, a movie, all of which are in some way different. Book vs.. Movie Differences: The book and the movie had several differences. One of these differences is that the narrator is not married in the movie. He, for the first time, meets Sylvia in the movie whenever the Martians land. In the book, he Is telling the story to his brother, and his name Is never revealed. Also, since the book was written in 1898, at the time, there werent things such as planes. And the human race didnt have near as much information about outer space and the other planets. Another difference is that the aliens, in the movie, are considered primitive, rather than more intelligent and advanced than human beings. The aliens in the book use only heat rays, whereas in the movie, they have multi-firing weapons and nuclear power rays. Also, in the movie, the aliens either levitated, or had Invisible legs. The narrator, In the book, is in the house when It collapses with the curate, not Sylvia. Also, when he gets knocked out, In the movie, he Is determined to see what the aliens look like, and In the book, he tries to find food and get out of the structure. Another difference is that in the movie, the house collapses is in the country, where no one lives, but in the book, it is in the city. In the book, the entire setting takes place in England, and in the movie, it is in California. In the movie, the cylinder that first arrives, arrives in the morning. The movie Is more focused on religion, rather than scientific facts. Saltcellars: The book and movie not only have differences, but also saltcellars. The beginnings of both stories are, for the most part, the same. The cylinders fall crash down and are found. The aliens eventually come out of the cylinders, and attack. The people all knew that the aliens came from space, and assumed that it was a meteor at first.

Brave New World

Brave New World Brave New World Brave New World By Maeve Maddox The phrase â€Å"brave new world† is popular in headlines used to introduce a variety of topics: High School Basketball: Brave new world in regionals The Brave New World of Ferraris in China The Brave New World of  Food Oldman’s Brave New World of Wine Why We Need To Talk Now About The Brave New World Of Editing Genes Internet Eavesdropping: A Brave New World of Wiretapping Welcome To The  Brave New World Of  The Corporate-Sponsored Artist   Cubicles Rise in a Brave New World of Publishing Because â€Å"brave new world† is an expression loaded with negative connotations, some of these uses are more appropriate than others. The phrase originated with Shakespeare. When he put the expression in Miranda’s mouth in The Tempest, he was being ironic. O, wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people in’t! Miranda is speaking of the men whom her father- Prospero, rightful Duke of Milan- has caused to be shipwrecked on their island. The irony is that five of the eight men who come ashore are not â€Å"goodly† at all; they are dirty rotten scoundrels who represent all that is evil and corrupt in the â€Å"civilized† world of Europe. When Aldous Huxley chose the phrase as the title of his 1932 novel about a future in which society is carefully organized and monitored, he was echoing the idea that what might appear to be wondrous at first glance may in fact be evil. Writers who use the phrase as if it has a positive connotation misunderstand Shakespeare’s use of brave. Modern speakers use brave to mean courageous, daring, intrepid, and stouthearted. We speak of â€Å"brave soldiers† and â€Å"brave explorers† who risk danger to do their work. In Shakespeare’s day brave could mean splendid, showy, grand, fine, and handsome. Miranda, impressed by the appearance of the courtly strangers, was probably using the word with this meaning. In any case, to speak of â€Å"a brave new world† of wine or basketball doesn’t make a lot of sense. The second set of headline examples seems to have been written by people who know what Huxley’s novel is about. Brave New World is set in a future in which technology has reorganized human reproduction so as to produce babies in laboratories. The goal is to eliminate such inconveniences as disease and human dissatisfaction. DNA is manipulated so as to produce three castes of people designed to be happy with different types of work. Should any of these designer people grow up to be nonconformists, they are exiled to remote locations. The headline about gene editing is especially on point. Careful writers will not use the phrase â€Å"brave new world† if all they mean is â€Å"a new set of circumstances.† The phrase belongs only in a context of dehumanization or oppressive surveillance. Brave New World entered the public domain in 2008. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programmeâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†The Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

The prograssive way for Halifax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The prograssive way for Halifax - Essay Example This strategy options are the most promising one, present day situation in veterinary market is marked by two factor - specification, which is to do with the 'design quality' of service, and conformity, which is to do with the 'process' quality which is achieved are of particular importance to customers. On the other hand, Halifax can open its branchers in other city areas. This strategy will help to attract new clients providing veterinaty services near their residence. This strategy will help the clinic to create a strong brand image and increase the number of loyal customers. Service concepts of Halifax should include improvement of communication, and the environment composed of all the individual services. Client retention is important for many businesses because customers create demand in an industry. On the one hand, it helps the company to standardize services and, on the otehr hand, it secures the business from decrease in sales. Client retention is important because it helps to know customers "one by one", and it allows the firm to meet particular needs of the clients and find specific ways to solve their current problems. Also, client retention makes it possible to develop a basic long-term goal and objectives of an enterprise, and adopt courses of action and allocate resources necessary for carrying out these goals. Customer reteention will help to generate profit (McDonald, Christopher, 2003). Customers loyalty can be achieved thro... That is why maximizing each employee's potential as an individual and as a team member will be a key to maximizing the profitability of each hotel. To ensure customer satisfaction the veterinary clinic should implement and develop new strategy based on Web services. It is not a unique and a new form of service, but, unfortunately, this type of service is seldomly used by veterinary services. The idea of the web-enabling veterinary services is to provide the clinic with the tools they need to compete more e effectively and to grow their businesses successfully. To build a loyal group of clients, Halifax should consider time as the important factor of delivering service. Consider first the fee of services, a customer takes into account the delay or wait. This delay or wait will normally be evident as the period of time between placing an order and receiving the service. This is clearly an important dimension of customer service, because veterinary service is depended upon providing services at the exact time Another factors helped to retain a loyal group of clients include location of the clinic (and its subsidiaries), the cost reductions, high service quality and staff communication skills, free of charge web services and call centers. Ultimately they are the two factors which determine the quality levels provided by hotel industry to its customers. These two factors however are themselves determined by other factors. Service concepts are based on understanding the unique environment in which hotels operate. 4. What market segments exist in the market for veterinary services for household pets Market segmentation is the process identifying specific segments of clients with similar demands who exhibit similar responses to a firm's marketing mix. Within

Strategic Management Plan for Middle-East Television Network Essay

Strategic Management Plan for Middle-East Television Network - Essay Example Proposed Objectives and Strategic Initiatives to help in Conquering the Middle Eastern Television Market 1). Increase marketing vehicles to at least a dozen unique vehicles within the first year of MTN rollout. Strategic Initiatives: 1a). Identify a variety of marketing vehicles (billboards, radio advertisement, youth events, and concerts) that will position and expose MTN to the target market. 1b). Engage in performing continuous advertisement of American themes, music, cultural symbols and phrases. 1c). Be able to identify the key areas that matter most towards promoting the positive image of United States in the Middle East regions. 1d). Engage in joint initiatives with the local cultures as a measure of establishing a mutual understanding between foreign and local cultures in the Middle Eastern region. 1e). Engage in both respective and effective Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the Middle Eastern region as means of gaining popularity and acceptance within the Arab Community. 2). Increase funding for MTN marketing to $5M within the first year Strategic Initiatives: 2a). Consider building coalitions with members of Congress. The idea is to gain their support and align the effort with the Foreign Relations Committee. 3). Increase MTN’s number of top-10 rated programs in the Middle Eastern television market by 100% within 24 months of its rollout. Strategic Initiatives: 3a). There is a need to benchmark Al-Jazeera television network’s top-rated programs that conform to MTN’s vision/mission and produce MTN versions or spinoffs. Budgetary considerations include the cost of new programming.

Balcony and monument scenes Essay Example for Free

Balcony and monument scenes Essay Write about the effectiveness of Shakespeares imagery in The Banquet, Balcony and Monument Scenes of Romeo and Juliet That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. Shakespeare uses imagery and metaphors throughout Romeo and Juliet to great effect. By using language, instead of props or backdrops to produce a vivid picture, he is engaging the audience more and making them think for themselves. This dramatic technique is used to the best effect in the Banquet, Balcony and Monument scenes, when portraying Romeo and Juliets love. The Banquet scene is the first time Romeo sees Juliet, so the language used has to make a big impact so as to convey to the Elizabethan audience that this is true love, in contrast with Romeos infatuation with Rosaline. O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. Shakespeare uses alliteration on teach the torches and burn bright to make Romeos words sound more beautiful and poetic, ideally like a sonnet. The words are coincidently very much like one of Shakespeares sonnets, Sonnet 21, where he contrasts light with dark. Shakespeare uses this same comparison throughout the play to convey emotions, foreshadow tragedy and express the stages of the young love to the audience. In a way, Romeo and Juliets devotion is like light against the dark background of feuding families. By claiming that Juliet is brighter than any other torch, Romeo is directly comparing her to other girls, in particular Rosaline. When Romeo speaks of Rosaline, he uses the language of Elizabethan courtly love. All his feelings are quite contained in comparison to the poetic imagery he uses upon seeing Juliet for the first time. He says about Rosaline Shes fair I love, which in Shakespeares time was the sort of language one would use when describing their love. However, Romeo describes Juliets beauty as too rich for use and later claims that he neer saw true beauty till this night. The audience knows straight away that this is true love. But the audience is also aware of the fact that this love is doomed, and there is some irony in a number of Romeos lines. Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. This suggests that Juliet is out of Romeos reach, which, being a Capulet, she is. He is also comparing her to an angel or heavenly creature, which he does throughout the play. This is Shakespeares way of showing that although these are young lovers, they are very spiritual too. The idea that she belongs to heaven because she is too good for earth builds up a feeling of unease and sadness in the audience, as they know she is going to die and therefore will not belong to the Earth anymore. This spiritual imagery is used when the lovers exchange their first words. Romeo tries to entice Juliet by referring to her as his holy shrine and to his lips as two blushing pilgrims. This shows Romeo to be a more sensitive and poetic character, which makes the audience, and Juliet, fall in love with him. By referring to her as his holy shrine he is showing the audience that he idolises her, and sees himself as lowly compared to her beauty. This speech between them is laid out in sonnet form. Sonnets are generally about love, which emphasises to the audience that Romeo and Juliet are in love. It also contributes to Romeos poetic image. Upon walking home later that evening, Romeo decides he has to see Juliet again. He finds his way into her garden and stands by the balcony. Romeo sees Juliet at her window. He exaggerates the pale flicker of the candlelight to describe it as the East. But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east and Juliet is the sun. Shakespeare is using Romeos dialogue to light the stage. He puts a clear image into the audiences minds. Again Romeo is comparing Juliet to light; this time the sun, the brightest light of all. This is his poetic way of declaring that she is the brightest and most beautiful of girls. It also signifies how very important she is to him, as the sun is imperative to everyday life. The light from Juliets window is said to break through. This could imply a breakthrough in Romeos love life; he has found his soul mate. In the Balcony scene Shakespeare uses language about the moon to help create a scene in the audience members mind. This means they are more involved in the play, and can imagine themselves there in the moonlight. Arise fair sun and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief That thou her maid art far more fair than she. It is interesting that Romeo compares Juliets beauty to the moon here, as he has just described her as his sun. In mythology, Diana, the Goddess of the moon, is served by virgin maids. Being a virgin, Juliet is depicted as one of these maids, but Romeo believes that Diana is jealous of Juliets beauty. He asks her to stop serving the moon, and therefore stop being a virgin and become his lover instead. This shows Romeo is passionate in a sexual way about Juliet, which would be quite exciting to an Elizabethan audience member, as sex was not as commonly talked about as it is now. The fact that the moon is sick and pale with grief could be foreshadowing future grief for the couple. By asking the sun to arise, Romeo is wishing the day to come, therefore reminding the audience that it is night. When Romeo decides to reveal himself to Juliet she, feeling embarrassed and shocked, asks him who he is. Of course he has recently discovered she is the daughter of his familys enemy, and feels his name is hurtful to her. By a name I know not how to tell thee who I am. My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself,Because it is an enemy to thee. Romeo and Juliet strongly believe in their names being a now unwanted allegiance to their family. Despite the fact that their names are just words, both of the star crossed lovers feel they are chains, locking them to their families, and keeping them away from each other. Again he refers to Juliet as a saint. This would seem high praise to an audience of very religious Elizabethans. In Shakespearean times, exploring was very popular and a lot of new lands were being found. Because travel was not as easy then as it is now, and the knowledge of the world was not as advanced, exploring new lands was very exciting and appealing to the Elizabethans, which was why it was a popular subject matter and why Shakespeare used it throughout the play. I am no pilot, yet wert thou as far, As that vast shore washed with the farthest sea, I should adventure for such merchandise. The word adventure is used here because in the Elizabethan times, international traders were known as Merchant adventurers. It also suggests that Romeo finds his and Juliets love very exciting, as adventure is usually associated with new and exciting things. Shakespeares use of imagery to convey Romeos love as a new found land helps to set a picture in the audiences minds of a far off tropical shore. In Shakespeares time there would not have been a lot of back drops and flats setting the stage, so it would be up to the audience to imagine their own scenery, and up to the playwright to use the correct language to stimulate these thoughts. Romeo describes himself being hidden from the eyes of Juliets guards and family. I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. Again Shakespeare is using light and dark to set a scene for the audience. His actors would not have had the electrical lighting actors have now, so he would have to create moods and light by using words. Romeo is telling the audience it is dark, so it is easier to imagine. This contrast is used a lot in the monument scene too. When Romeo hears that Juliet is dead he goes to the tomb where she is said to be. After killing Paris he looks at Juliet for the last time. He describes the days they spent together as A lightning before death, because it was believed in those days that before somebody died, they would seem very well and happy temporarily. This is the contrast between light and dark again, which adds mood to the scene; the audience knows Romeo is deeply saddened by the sudden death of Juliet and, because of this, so are they. The word lightning makes you think of lightning as in a quick flash. Their romance was very sudden and over quickly, but very enlightening all the same. Romeo mentions Juliets beauty despite her death too, especially concentrating on her lips and cheeks. Beautys ensign yet Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks Romeo talks about Juliets beauty a lot throughout the play. In the balcony scene he says The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars and then proclaims O that I were a cheek upon that hand. It is interesting how Romeo talks of Juliets cheeks so much. Perhaps Shakespeare is trying to link the two scenes together to show that Romeos love for Juliet was present from the beginning to the end of their relationship. He still felt the same for her when she was dead as he did when their love was blooming. I will raise her statue in pure gold Montague says this of Juliet in the last scene. Gold was a very expensive and prized material to the Elizabethan audience and so proves that Montague means well. It is a bit ironic that he is comparing her to a statue, because in the first scene Romeo and Juliet meet, the banquet scene, he describes her as a holy shrine. It is a very sad moment as the audience are reminded how happy the lovers used to be. The audience really benefits from Shakespeares imagery as it brings the play to life. It makes the words far more beautiful and the characters easier to relate to. Romeo seems more poetic and easier to fall in love with. Juliet appears to be intelligent and loving. Without the imagery the audience would not feel as involved with the plot, and would therefore not sympathise with the characters. The imagery heightens the emotions of the audience and confirms Romeo and Juliet as one a Shakespeares greatest tragedies.

Is It Too Late? Al Gores An Inconvenient Truth :: Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore,

An Inconvenient Truth is a documentary film in which basis are put long-term researches of changes of climate, level of carbonic gas in the atmosphere, and conditions of polar ices. In this film, El Gore, a presidential candidate of 2000 and former vice president of the United States, explains the scientific and political view of global warming and its serious consequences that we already observe on Earth, and other more tragic consequences that are still to come in the near future if we do not reduce emissions of exhaust gas in the atmosphere. Nothing especially new about the global warning is presented in the film, but what made this film effective is, firs of all, the fact that El Gore, a public and well known figure in the United States, is the main protagonist of the film. Another effective point in the film is that El Gore put all the scientific work together and showed that the problem is real, it is not a myth, and it should not be ignored any longer. Film’s weakness at first may appear Gore’s long and mushy personal life experience story, but his story is well balanced with the film. For example, his narration about his sister’s tragic death may be used as a good example of the main idea of the film. Gore let us know that his sister had cancer, but doctors discovered it when it was too late to save her. Almost the same happens with Earth. We may determine that we are losing our planet too late†¦ but now is still the right time to start recovering health of the Earth. Gore tells that we have everything needed for Earth’s salvation, except, perhaps, political will. Even though Gore in the film says about the global warning that â€Å"this is really not a political issue, so much as a moral issue,† I believe that it is as much a political issue as it is a moral issue. The truth about the global warming is inconvenient to many economically developed countries.

Job Analysis Essay

A job analysis is a way to describe a job or the attributes needed to obtain the job (Spector, 2012). Different jobs need people with certain attributes; these attributes help the job be completed as necessary. A job analysis can help companies hire the right employees, and this creates a successful working environment. There are two different job analysis approaches; each approach focuses on different needs for a job. The first is the Job-Oriented approach; this approach describes the nature of the job, some job analysis, go into specific task (Spector, 2012). The second is the Person-oriented approach; this approach describes the specific attributes or characteristics needed to successfully do the job (Spector, 2012). This paper will conduct a job analysis for my preferred job using one of the job analysis methods and discuss how it could be used within an organization. Evaluate the reliability and validity of the job analysis. Evaluate different performance appraisal methods that might be applied to my chosen job and explain the various benefits and vulnerabilities of each performance appraisal method. Job Analysis: School Psychologist To analyze the job that I would dream to have I will be using both the Job-oriented approach and the person-oriented approach. I will be describing both the task and attributes a school psychologist needs. To start off with the job-oriented approach, which describes the jobs nature and specific tasks, I will describe what being a school psychologist is all about. School psychologists help children and youth succeed academically, socially, behaviorally, and emotionally. They collaborate with educators, parents, and other professionals to create safe, healthy, and supportive learning environments that strengthen connections between home, school, and the community for all students. School psychologists not only work with students but they also provide services for families, teachers, administrators, and the community. Job-Oriented Approach According to the National Associations of School Psychologist the following are tasks that school psychologist need to complete to be successful job. When it comes to students they Provide counseling, instruction, and mentoring for those struggling with social, emotional, and behavioral problems. Increase achievement by assessing barriers to learning and determining the best instructional strategies to improve learning. Promote wellness and resilience by reinforcing communication and social skills, problem solving, anger management, self-regulation, self-determination, and optimism. Enhance understanding and acceptance of diverse cultures and backgrounds. They also help out families by identifying and addressing learning and behavior problems that interfere with school success. Evaluate eligibility for special education services, support students’ social, emotional, and behavioral health, also teach parenting skills and enhance home–school collaboration, and make referrals and help coordinate community support services. School psychologist also provides a support for teachers by identifying and resolving academic barriers to learning. Design and implement student progress monitoring systems and academic and behavioral interventions. Support effective individualized instruction, create positive classroom environments, and motivate all students to engage in learning. School psychologist also give support to administrators by collecting and analyzing data related to school improvement, student outcomes, and accountability requirements. Implement school-wide prevention programs that help maintain positive school climates conducive to learning. Promote school policies and practices that ensure the safety of all students by reducing school violence, bullying, and harassment. Respond to crises by providing leadership, direct services, and coordination with needed community services. There are many tasks that come with being a school psychologist; they provide support for many different departments of a school, and take on tasks that are delicate. Person-Oriented Approach Person-oriented approach lists the characteristics and attributes needed to be a school psychologist. Since this job is very serious and deals with people’s mental and emotional health, the first and most important attribute is education. The job needs extensive knowledge of the field and practice before being able to qualify for this job. Other requirements are positive attitude, loving the job, loving to help people, and love psychology. They also have to be focused and responsible because if they aren’t an accident can occur. The person should also be able to keep their personal life and their job separate. If they cannot do this their job can affect their personal job or vise versa. From the job tasks these are the attributes that an individual has to have to be able to be successful at this job. Evaluation There are many job analysis types and not all are appropriate for the type of job application (Spector, 2012). Each has its limitations and advantages, and it works for different purposes. The reliability and validity of a job analysis can be questioned because the analysis is made by a person who is either doing the job or watching someone do it (Spector, 2012). The biggest thing that we do as human beings is judge, and judgment can make a job analysis not reliable or valid. In this case I am not a school psychologist, and I am actually reading about the job, my judgment can have a big impact on the job analysis. Validity and reliability are questionable madder but as quoted â€Å"In general, results suggest that different people’s ratings of jobs are often reasonably reliable. In other words, there will be a relatively high correlation among different people’s ratings of the same job for at least some job analysis methods (Spector, 2013 p. 72-73). † In other words some job analysis methods may have the same ratings for certain jobs. Appraisals in the work place can be very time consuming for supervisors but it has a good outcome, appraisals create a better performance in the work place. When someone is appraised for their good work they get satisfaction, and that’s something they want to keep receiving so they keep up the good work. For my chosen job I think that appraisals should be given, because a school psychologist makes people feel good and therefore they should get appraisal to feel good about what they are doing. Conclusion Becoming a school psychologist you have to have a lot of qualifications and characteristics that will make you successful at this job, and making sure that you know what it takes and if you are qualified for the job can be determined by a job analysis. There are many methods to conduct a job analysis, you can use the job-oriented approach or the person-oriented approach, only two of the many. These types of analysis can explain if you are right for a job. This paper conducted a job analysis for a school psychologist job by using both job-oriented and person-oriented approach and discussed how it could be used within an organization. Evaluated the reliability and validity of the job analysis. Evaluated different performance appraisal methods that might be applied to my school psychologist job and explain the various benefits and vulnerabilities of each performance appraisal method.

Social Contexts and Adolescent Development

How did I become the person I am today? Is it because of the way my parents raised me? Does it have anything to do with the friends that I had growing up? Could it be that my teachers went above and beyond their content to teach me life lessons? The fact is that I had many influences in my life including my parents, friends and teachers that led me down the path to become the adult I am today. The numerous social contexts that I have encountered in my life each had their own part in contributing to my behaviors, personality, beliefs, goals and essentially every part of my being.As an adolescent, and even as an adult, much of the information and guidance I have received about achieving adult status was acquired from my parents. I am very fortunate to have parents who have made such a positive impact on my life. As an adolescent, I did not always get along with my parents. They were very strict and I was often angry with them for not letting me have as much freedom as my friends. I can still hear my mom saying, â€Å"If your friends jumped off a bridge, would you? † Now, as an adult, I understand that they really were just trying to look out for me.As far as preparing me for adulthood, my parents encouraged me to always do my best. My parents taught me that hard work is important and not only did they talk the talk, but they walked the walk. They led by example, and because of them I have an excellent work ethic which will be useful when I begin my teaching career (which I hope is very soon). Many adolescents do not look to their parents for information and guidance. They often feel like their parents do not understand them or their problems.As a teacher, I can try to help foster strong relationships between parents and students by providing support for those families who need it. I can provide parents with information about raising adolescents as it can be a very tough time with their child going through so many changes. As far as the students are concern ed, I can encourage them to go to their parents for advice and let them know that their parents are smarter than they think. I can even provide them with examples from my own life where my parents gave me excellent advice, even though I didn’t think that at the time.Another influential source of information and guidance in my adolescent years was that of my middle and high school teachers. In fact, one of the reasons that I chose teaching as a career was because of the positive interactions that I had with many of my own teachers. My favorite teachers were the ones who taught me how to be a better person, not just a better student. They had high expectations, taught organizational skills, encouraged self initiative, and provided guidance and advice outside of the content.I felt like they were always open to help in any situation. I want my students to understand that teachers can make a make a big difference in their life. I want them to know that they can always come to me w hen they have a problem and that I will always try my best to help them find a solution. I hope to teach them skills that they can use after they leave my classroom. I want what I teach them to stay with them forever, not just while I am their teacher. I also think it is important that they are encouraged to have relationships with other teachers, not just myself.All teachers have experienced adolescence, and each one of us brings something different to the table. If I am not able to help a student with a problem, then I can point them to someone who can. In typical adolescent fashion, I was also very influenced by my peers. While it may not seem that adolescent peers would provide much information and guidance for reaching adult status that is just simply not true. Interactions with my peers taught me about handling conflict, considering others, and making decisions. These peer experiences prepared me for similar situations that I would encounter as an adult.I think that peer inter actions are so important to adolescents because at this stage in their development much of their behavior is influenced mostly by their peers. As a teacher, I want to teach my students how to use interactions with their peers in a positive manner. I want to foster strong relationships in the classroom, so that students can use the characteristics of these relationships to build new relationships. I want my students to know that they can learn a lot from their friends, both good and bad. The important thing for them is to know how to separate the good from the bad, and learn rom their mistakes, as well as the mistakes of others. A context that involved both peers and teachers and one in which I learned many skills and responsibilities required for achieving adult status was high school marching band. Being a part of band taught me many skills that were necessary for attaining adult status. One of the most obvious skills that comes from being in band is teamwork. I also learned confid ence and pride. Dedication was also necessary because we put so much time into practicing and performing. One of the most difficult lessons was learning that we could not always come in first place.This lesson is very helpful because as an adult, because I am not going to get every job I apply for. Learning to keep going when we feel defeated is very important. I want to encourage my students to participate in extracurricular activities, whether it be band, sports or other clubs. Students should have the opportunities to learn these skills that come from being a part of something. I them to know that when I look back at my adolescent years, the thing I miss the most are the activities such as band, school musicals and community service clubs.Though I am not active in church as an adult, it was definitely one of the social contexts that had a great influence on who I am. There are so many lessons that one learns at church that can be applied to life. Going to church introduced me to being a part of something greater than myself and gave me the opportunity to express my beliefs. While I am not able to bring religion into the school setting, I can still remind my students that organizations that they are a part of can provide much information and guidance in becoming an adult. I can encourage them to stand strong in what they believe in, but to also respect the beliefs of others.In this day and age, it would pretty much be impossible for the media to not have any influence on the development of adolescents. However, I would say that in my own personal experience media had a part, but only a small part, in informing and guiding me from adolescence into adulthood. One of the reasons that media was not a big influence in my life goes back to how strict my parents were. I was not allowed to watch a lot of television or listen to a lot of music. My time on the computer was very limited. All of my interactions with media were monitored pretty closely.Unfortunately, mos t adolescents in today’s world have entirely too much media influence. Many students have their own smart phones which gives them access to pretty much anything they want access to. Television and movies that are geared toward adolescents are more risque than they were a decade ago. As a teacher I think it is important that I warn students of the negative impacts that media can have on their development. However, media can also impact students in a positive way if used correctly. I would like to teach my students how to use media to research important topics that can help them grow into knowledgeable young adults.If media is a big influence in their life, I want to make sure that it is a positive influence. I think my experiences as an adolescent are still relevant to the lives of adolescents today. While my experiences as an adolescent took place more than a decade ago, adolescents in today’s world continue to encounter many of the same situations of the past. Peer pr essure still exists and takes a toll on the decision making of adolescents when it comes to risky behaviors such as drinking, drugs and sex. The interaction and conflict that they have with their parents, is very similar to the interactions that I experienced with my own parents.I felt the need for independence, just as they do. The emotions that I encountered as an adolescent are still experienced by adolescents today. I went through heartbreak, making new and losing old friends, the desire to be popular, and trying to impress others. Our world has changed tremendously over the past decade, but the issues of adolescence as well as adolescent development have continued to remain the same. Having experienced the years of adolescence myself, along with the education I have received about adolescent development, I believe that I can have a positive influence on the lives of my students.Helping my students understand that they are in control of who they become is one of my top prioritie s. I can accomplish this by teaching them to be open to information and guidance from the many social contexts in their life, and emphasizing focus on the positive aspects of the various influences. I also believe that it is important for me to share how I was influenced by many different contexts in my own life. I would hope that this would help me connect with my students and lead them to attaining adult status using what they learn from the many contexts in their own life.

Expletives and Agents

Expletives and Agents Expletives and Agents Expletives and Agents By Mark Nichol Readers are more likely to engage with writing when it is active, direct, and vivid. To that end, avoid expletives and passive construction and emphasize agents, as described in the discussion and demonstrated in the revision following each example. 1. There are several ways to achieve the desired balance. This sentence begins with an expletive, a filler word such as there (or it) followed by a verb that- for better or worse- enables a writer to get started on a sentence without really saying anything other than supporting the notion that something exists. â€Å"The desired balance can be achieved in several ways† is an improvement because it states the proposition more directly and immediately introduces â€Å"desired balance,† the central concept. However, it is still passive, with no reference to who or what can accomplish the action. Better yet, introduce the agent: â€Å"We can achieve this desired balance in several ways.† 2. There should be increasing rigor applied.   A better rendering of this idea is â€Å"Increasing rigor should be applied,† but although the expletive has been eliminated, the sentence is still passive. One solution is to strip the wording down to an imperative, as in â€Å"Apply increasing rigor,† but this sentence, devoid of context, is likely too severe. Better yet, apply context- who should apply rigor? If the text pertains to management, say so: â€Å"Management should apply increasing rigor.† Simplifying the adjective and inserting an adverb renders the sentence less concise but perhaps more accurate: â€Å"Management should continuously apply more rigor.† 3. Over the last few years, there has been an increasing concern over the protection of individuals’ personal data in relation to lawfulness, security, and transparency of the data processing taking place. The modifying phrase that begins this sentence is appropriate, but the presence of that phrase and an expletive delays any substantive wording until about one-third of the way into this thirty-plus-word sentence. Placing a concept immediately after the introductory phrase improves the flow of the sentence: â€Å"Over the last few years, concern has increased over the protection of individuals’ personal data in relation to lawfulness, security, and transparency of the data processing taking place.† (Or â€Å"Over the last few years, concern over the protection of individuals’ personal data in relation to lawfulness, security, and transparency of the data processing taking place has increased.† Even better, begin with protection, rather than concern about protection, as the central concept: â€Å"Over the last few years, protection of individuals’ personal data in relation to lawfulness, security, and transparency of the data processing taking place has increasingly concerned government officials.† However, again, to make the sentence more direct, consider opening the main clause with a word or phrase describing the concerned entity: â€Å"Over the last few years, government officials have become increasingly concerned about protection of individuals’ personal data in relation to lawfulness, security, and transparency of the data processing taking place.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of Infinitives41 Words That Are Better Than Good6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

How to Easily Make Edible Fake Barf

How to Easily Make Edible Fake Barf Making a simulant is a form of chemistry, right? Here are instructions for making your own edible fake barf. Ick! Yet, you might need fake vomit for a gag or costume, right? Edible Fake Barf Ingredients As you can see from the list of ingredients, theres nothing nasty or inedible in this recipe. In fact, its downright nutritious! Feel free to add food coloring if you need a special effect or other ingredients. 1 pkg unflavored gelatinapplesaucepowdered cocoaoatmealraisin bran cerealfrying pankitchen utensils How To Make Fake Barf Heat 1/4 cup of applesauce in the frying pan over low to medium heat.Stir in 1 packet of unflavored gelatin.Add a pinch or two of cocoa powder. Mix thoroughly and remove from heat.Sprinkle oatmeal over the mixture into an aesthetically-pleasing chunky pattern. You can stir it in a bit, but dont mix too much.Repeat the oatmeal procedure with some raisin bran cereal.Spread the barf mixture onto a plate so that it resembles vomit, adding extra raisins or cereal bits, as desired.Allow the barf to cool completely (a couple of hours). Remove it from the plate with a spatula.Have fun! Useful Tips You may wish to spray your plate with nonstick cooking spray to keep the vomit from sticking.Adult supervision is recommended since heat is involved.Please let me know if you come up with alterations to this recipe that make it even more realistic.

Advertising Shapes Social Trends Research Paper

Advertising Shapes Social Trends - Research Paper Example The trends and the case studies on advertising and promotion showed that if the advertisement of a product or service has big impact, it generates more sales. Advertising is basically a communication process, which influences a person or a group of people to take decision on purchasing a product or service. Media Awareness Network states that the typical US citizen on average will see 3000 ads per day (Media Awareness, 2010). With such a high level of advertising around consumers every day, is it most likely that advertising shapes society. Since the number is high in terms of viewing the advertisements, now the question arises whether the advertising industry shapes and creates social trends or it just mirrors the pre-existing social trends. When one delves deep into the topic, it is witnessed that majority of the advertisements – whether it is print or digital – modern day advertisement shapes and creates social trends and not just follows the pre-existing social tren ds. It is important for the advertisement industry to play a big role in the well-being of the society when one debates whether advertisements shape the social trends in modern days. The messages and behaviours that the advertisers are trying to achieve also should revolve around the ethical issues of the society. Advertising is the vehicle through which the brand, product or service reach the target audience or consumers, sometimes by creating the demand of the product in the society (Edwards, Li & Lee, 2002). Some of the advertisements have certain self-benefits as well. II. Role of Advertising in Shaping Trends in the US a) Print Advertising It is a well-known fact that with the process of advertising, the companies create equity of brands and also in turn generates sale (Butters, 1977). The ultimate result of this is generating wealth. According to the data from the Fortune magazine, as per the World Bank in the year 2005, out of 150 largest economic entities in the world, only 55 are countries and 95 are large corporations. It is seen from the trends that the big corporations are always ready to spend billions of dollars in print advertising in order to bring behavioural change in the society – and they are doing that as well (Ambrus & Resinger, 2006). The intention of creating this behavioural change in the society through advertisement is to increase the market share of the product in the society. In other words, it can be said that print advertising makes more and more people to use their product or service. These advertisements offer the organizations the potential to alter the market. In some aspects, the advertisements also have the potential to alter various social norms and perceptions (Anderson, 2006). Though most of the western countries have banned the advertisement of tobacco, it is not necessary that there is complete shutdown in advertising tobacco products. In the modern day advertising, most of the cigarette companies spend a big am ount of their budget in advertising, which focuses on the exposure of the brand unconsciously to the broader audience (Bhat, Bevans & Sengupta, 2002). The Marlboro Man campaign was conceived by Leo Burnett and was run from 1954 on print media and as hoardings. The use of rugged cowboys to promote filtered cigarettes and replace the earlier feminine tagline of ‘Mild as May’ was an instant hit in the US. The trend of smoking increased manifold and people started smoking at a younger age. The Marlboro Man advertisements were a true trendsetter, which catapulted cigarette sales in the US and made Marlboro the number one cigarette brand by 1972 (Moellinger & Craig, 2001). The impact the print ad

Discuss how social media can be used to build a brand community and Essay

Discuss how social media can be used to build a brand community and illustrate your answer with detailed examples of such use - Essay Example It goes without saying that technologies and social media, in particular, contribute to the development of the collective brand identities and, therefore, brand communities. The example of Apple Macintosh suggests that social media, including blogs, forums, and social networks, facilitate the creation and expansion of brand communities, through the creation of shared meanings, the development of groups and clubs, elimination of any formal hierarchy, and diversification of communication instruments and ties. Brand communities Brand communities are among the most popular topics of present day market research. The rapid advancement of technologies and social media, in particular, contributes to unprecedented growth of brand communities and groups. According to Muniz and O’Guinn (2005), â€Å"brand communities are nongeographically bound collectives of brand admirers who, through their ability to aggregate and community at very little cost, assert themselves as important marketpl ace collectives† (p.65). Brand communities are always about building and sustaining a common, collective identity in their members (Muniz & O’Guinn 2005). ... Needless to say, brand communities develop and operate through the subcultures of consumption which differ from brand communities but also share numerous common features with them. Subcultures of consumption Unlike brand communities, subcultures of consumption is a separate society subgroup, which self-selects as a result of developing shared commitment to brand, product class, or consumption activity (Heding, Knudtzen & Bjerre 2008). The basic features of a subculture of consumption include (a) social hierarchy; (b) shared ethos; (c) unique lexicon and ritualistic features; and (d) unique ways of symbolic self-expression (Heding, Knudtzen & Bjerre 2008). Subcultures of consumption exemplify a collective view of numerous brand communities and identities. In the current state of global marketing, brand communities are of particular importance for firms, since they primarily focus on shared brand meanings and do not normally reject the prevailing society’s culture (Wiegandt 2009 ). In this sense brand communities’ reliance on low-cost communication methods and social interaction implies that social media do play a role in their development and expansion (Wiegandt 2009). The Apple brand community presents a unique example of how social media and brand communities interact. Apple Macintosh, brand communities, and social media Apple is one of the most frequently cited objects of brand community research in professional literature. Much has been written and said about what works and sustains the culture of sharedness in Apple Macintosh brand communities. It should be noted that the Apple brand community displays a number of specific features. These

Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act Policy Analysis Research Paper

Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act Policy Analysis - Research Paper Example While the bill intends to ensure that hospitals are maintaining appropriate staffing levels and staffing plans, it also guarantees that violators of the proposed law would be subject to monetary recompense for failing to abide by the provisions set forth in the bill. As further protectionist measures, H.R. 876 would specify available protections for employees of hospitals and patients for whistle blowing in the event of grievances or complaints, thereby ensuring that discrimination does not occur as a result of the proposed operational changes within the hospital environment and that no hospital retaliation should occur as a result of said grievances (Congress.gov, 2013). Hence, the bill ensures that there is accountability within the hospital administrative hierarchy for failing to abide by the language of this proposed piece of legislation.   H.R. 876 also clearly indicates the expectations for the role of the new hospital committees, including the establishment of a recurring ev aluation system to measure the success or failure of staffing plan implementations. At least once annually, these evaluations must occur, providing the framework by which staffing plan modifications are made (Library of Congress, 2013). The proposed legislation also sets out that overtime be considered by the committee, thus providing further protections for on-staff registered nurses and ensuring that the hospital maintains staffing structures that provide adequate relief during times of absence.   Reporting of staffing plans are also mandated by the bill to be submitted for public evaluation no later than 90 days after the date by which the committee has conducted its evaluation of staffing plan implementation (Library of Congress, 2013). If, according to the Secretary, any hospital has violated the provisions outlined in H.R. 876, they will be subject to a demand for corrective action to fix the violation and may also be subject to civil monetary penalties (Library of Congress, 2013). Hence, the bill provides the specific duties of the Secretary in ensuring that the legislation is adhered to

Character Analysis: Theory Of Personality Development

Character Analysis: Theory Of Personality Development In the analysis of the star character Rachel in the 1968 movie Rachel Rachel by Paul Newman, I have used the Theory of Personality Development by Freud Sigmund (1856-1939). Sigmund developed this theory about psychoanalysis from his works on patients with mental problems several years back. In this theory, Freud Sigmund believed that allthe spheres ofsomeonespersonality were in one way or another determined by the sex of the person and aggression.Sigmund believed that other factors that shapedsomeones character also developed during this period of personality development which in totality determined the adults personality and how well they relate with the world. According to Freud Sigmund the three elements that make the personality are the Id, the ego and the superego. The ID is the part we are born with and is the part of us that wants us to be comfortable. For instance children will cry when they are hungry until they are fed in complete disregard of whether there is food or not or even whether the person attending to them is busy or not. As we have observed around us, a child will always cry until what they want is done for them or given to them. The Ego is believed to develop in children from three years of age onwards. This part enables one to realize the realities of life. At this stage of development a child can very clearly understand the consequences of their actions. For instance they can understand that some unpleasing actions can make them to be punished or rewarded. Main Body: Analysis The Superego is the part that develops by the time a child reaches five years. Once the superego develops the cycle of personal development is completed and one attains a balanced personality. The superego is also known as the conscience because it helps us distinguish between wrong and right actions and it also defines for us the ethics and morals by which we live. The movie Rachel Rachel based on the novel Jest of God by Margaret Laurence is about a 35-year-old schoolteacher Rachel Cameron who is unmarried and is portrayed in the movie as feeling terrible that she has wasted her life. The Interprofessional education would also enable me to involve all the necessary stakeholders in cases of emergency so as to limit conflicts and ensure the delivery of quality health and social care. For instance, in case I will be faced with a similar situation as the drunken patient case, I would be able to reassure the patient and ensure that they have plenty of drip water added to their body, while ensuring that before I take any steps, I consult with other adult nurses and doctors. In addition, I would advocate for joint multi-disciplinary training so as to ensure increased harmony among the IP group members at the work place. Moreover, I would also ensure that there is a clearly distinct role defined for each IP team member so that each member contributes to the situation at hand. The role of effective communication would be key to the success of my career as an adult nurse. This is because; the service user and the nurses as well as the doctors would require knowing the progress of the patient as he is being treated. In the above case, after treating the patient, he will be moved to the recovery ward where he will be attended to by other nurses and health care givers. These health care givers will require knowing the progress report of the patient, which I would ensure that they have in good time. As an adult nurse, the value of communication is immeasurable The star character Rachel lives with her mother in an apartment that was once owned by her late father in New England. It is time for the summer holidays and Rachel is not excited like the other teachers about the vacation as she figures it will just be another holiday when she will be bored and she will have to put up with her demanding mother in the house. In the movie, another character Calla Mackie who happens to be Rachels best friend,a lesbian and a fellow teacherpersuades and invites Rachel to attend a religious meeting with her. Rachel is convinced into attending the meeting and while there she is touched by the sermon delivered by the guest preacher who is a young man. This incidence marks the beginning of a series of several other events which will convince Rachel to get out of the cocoon she was hiding in and live in the real world where she can freely express her emotions and desires. Calla also feeling touched by the sermon confesses her feelings for her best friend but she is turned down by Rachel who does not have lesbian tendencies. After the religious meeting and Rachel feeling that she can express her emotions and love to those she cares about she gets involved in a short lived sexual relationship with their old family friend Nick Kazlik who was back in town to visit his folks. Rachel then has her first sexual relationship with Nick;she falls in lovewith him and starts thinking of a future with Nickmistaking the lust they have for one another for love. Nick on the other hand on noticing that Rachel is treating their relationship more seriously than it ought to be treated ends the fling because to him it was just a casual affair. Shortly after Rachel suspects that she might have fallen pregnant and this really makes her happy as she imagines having a baby of her own.Rachel therefore plans to relocate elsewhere to a place where she can raise her child now that her relationship with Nick is short-lived. Her best friend Calla helps her get another teaching job in Oregon but Rachel soon finds out that she is not pregnant but has a benign cyst. A surgery is organized and after having the cyst removed Rachel still decides to move away with her mother to Oregon and even though she is feeling alone and empty because of the loss of the man she loved and her supposed baby, she has a strong will to continue with her life. Rachels Experience Rachel Rachel is a very moving romance, classic and drama themed movie that shows the loneliness and existence of some ladies in real life where someone does not get what they have always wanted or where life seems so unfair to someone. The problem could be in our personalities where we have internal battles within us over what we want and what society or everyone else will say about us. There were several ideologies that the students discussed in low tones relating to the behavior of these students. However, this was only qualified by the fact that the medical profession students liked discussing their peers conduct and professional ethics. In this book, I learnt that Rachel had issues with other students conduct which frequently extended to the rest of the other peers both at school and at home. I concurred with critics that she often exhibited this trend. The rest of the team members agreed that the time limit of working in groups could not be construed to mean that medical students were often too pervasive. The setting of the group work was more controlled, thus limiting the results of the findings. It was agreed within my group that the real picture could be depicted in the work place though with limited variations. This was the case with the attitude of the medical students towards other medical students as well as the other students in general. The multi-disci plinary team meeting gave me insights and adequate experience in relation to the kind of communication among different professional team members. They were constantly evaluating her work which sounded kind of uneasy for Rachel. Striking a balance In emotionally sound persons, the ego normally comes out as the strongest element of personality taking care of both the Id and the superego. When these three elements are balanced someone is able to survive and exist well without taking undue advantage of others. Unfortunately not all of us can have the ego coming out stronger than our Ids and superegos. For some the Id is stronger and such a person will be self-centered and concerned only with their wellbeing and if the superego also happens to be stronger such a person can be too hard on themselves, have judgmental tendencies and relating with others would be extremely difficult for them. Like mentioned earlier the three elements are driven by sex and aggression. Sex which Freud calls the Eros stands for our desire to reproduce and live. Aggression on the other hand represents our need to acquire more wealth and protect our lives. According to Freudstheory, our ego therefore has so many tasks. It is charged with the duty of checking that everything is balanced, it deals with lifes challenges and ensures that our actions do not hurt those we care about and all this is done by employing ego defense mechanisms like: Denial- where we pretend that a problem does not exist. Suppression- where we consciously block out some thoughts from our minds especially thoughts that can hurt our feelings. Regression- where we can go back to decisions we had made earlier on. Rationalization- where we come up with logical explanations to problems or difficult situations instead of admitting the truth. Projection- where we put behaviors that are unpleasing on other people. Consequently, after looking at the storyline of the movie briefly and having explained the theory of Personality Development of the psyche by Freud Sigmund, we can say that Rachel the lead character in the movie had a personality problem. This is evident in several ways: First at 35 years of age, Rachel was still a single woman never married before and still a virgin. This shows that Rachels ego could probably be weaker than the other two elements of her personality because in Freuds explanation there reaches a point in life when every human being of reproductive age would like to procreate and have offspring of their own. And that is why when Rachel suspects that she is pregnant and her belly starts swelling she is so excited. Even though she could have ended up being a single mother she does not seem bothered at all. All that seemed to pre occupy her mind was the fact that she would have her own baby finally. This shows that Rachels super ego couldbe much stronger than her ego and her Id and that is why she was a virgin till late into her life. Secondly, Rachel looks like she has a personality development problem because she had not known who she was or what she wanted in her life before she and her friend Calla attended the crusade. It is while at the crusade that Rachel decides to have a free spirit. Rachel looks like she was hiding in some shell and it was the young preacher who helped her get out of it after which she had a sexual relationship with Nick. In this case we conclude that it is Rachels superego which was dominant once again because her morals were probably too uptight that she could not have sex before marriage. I also learnt that adult nurses should learn to downplay their differences for the common good of their patients. I also learnt that the power and authority held by students in their past affected the IP collaboration. Critics subsequently felt beaten at it. However, this has changed owing to the modern reorganization of the healthcare delivery. I learnt that other team members have now been given a chance to take lead roles in the delivery of quality health and social care. This kind of delegation was necessary due to the busy schedule of the doctors. This had to be communicated effectively within the Interprofessional teams. Nurses have been empowered and can now play a vital role which was traditionally reserved for lead doctors in the health care centers. IP working has therefore made nurses more powerful and authoritative thus providing them with ardent experience to further their careers. Rachel also does not seem to enjoy her life. Schools have closed and people are happy to be going on vacation but Rachel on the other hand is just there not excited about the holidays like everyone else. Rachel was more of an outgoing kind of person than any other character in the movie. In fact, the movie depicts Rachel as aggressive lass who not only care about her own affairs and her state of being but also the state of others. It is indeed appalling to learn that she attempts to repair the bad relationship that others have been nurturing all this while. It should be remembered that Rachels earlier background is one to reckon. I acknowledge the fact that working together as a team is integral to the success of my career. There are many times when I will have to consult various health and social care practitioners to effectively treat or deal with complications that may arise during treatment. Likewise, such professional team members may require my help in dealing with social, phys ical and mental health problems. I also appreciate the fact that effective communication within the IP teams is key since no professional staff within the health and social care can work in isolation. Professional health and social team members should attend the same training session so as to improve their IP team collaboration. Her character is mostly confused to be that of a person who is very strict and stern with all aspects of her life. This indeed helps to illuminate on the kind of character that we expect her to have. The issue again could be that her superego dominates over the other elements of her personality so much that Rachel is uptight and her conscience cannot allow her to indulge in activities that are fun even during vacation. Rachel does not seem to make decisions or to be in total control of her life. When she gets invited by Calla to attend a revival meeting Rachel goes just to please her best friend not that she really cared what was going to happen at the meeting. Fortunately for Rachel, it is a time she gets to discover herself and start doing things that other normal adults do without feeling guilty about anything. She even gets to fall in love for someone something she had never done all her entire life. The best thing is that the movie ends when Rachel seems like she is beginning to have a grip of her life and that her own life is beginning to bring meaning to her and excite her as well. Hopefully she found the love of her life where they relocated to. In the movie Rachel Rachel, several people are struggling with personality issues. The theory by Freud has helped us to study an individuals character and to be able to draw a conclusion concerning the level of development of the Id,ego and superego. My Experience During my internship at the general ward as a practicing nurse to be, I was able to experience teamwork conflicts. This experience played well during the conference, thus enabling me to learn more from a practical approach. I was also able to share my experience with the other IP team members. I also learnt important aspects of IP communication and working that are integral to the success of IP collaboration. These include, not using jargons, listening whenever other team members are talking, questioning assumptions sensibly, promoting the rights and dignity of IP team members. There are certain terms that adult nurses will use which cause confusion and ambiguity, thus making others who assume the meaning of jargons to error. On the other hand, I would also learn to resolve ethical issues within my IP team. Certain ethical issues are bound to affect the IP collaboration within my working teams. I would therefore respect other IP team members ethical standing and approach any indifference with a voice of reason in a bid to drive sense into the team members understanding. Indeed, most of the team members agreed to the fact that discrimination was indeed a shared concern. During my internship, I watched a patient walk in with his girlfriend. It was evident that from the start, the doctor on call could not give effective direction and as if this was not enough, the doctor could not take a leadership role and advice the girlfriend to calm down. I believe as a future adult nurse, I would have tackled this situation with more wit. My first step would have been to take control of the situation and give the patient options with the benefits of each. This would have given more insight to the girlfriend and reduce the conflict. I would also initiate active communication with the rest of the adult nurses for consultation in privacy. Interprofessional education would have enabled me to effectively initiate communication with my team members, thus taking control of the situation in good time. As an adult nurse, every patients condition is important since my core value is to preserve life. I have also learnt the effectiveness of working in partnership with the patients through listening and responding to their concerns. I have also learnt that it would be important to consult with the patients regarding their treatment and care before commencing such. While reflecting this experience, I shall work closely with my team members as an adult nurse and constantly communicate with the relevant authorities and IP team members for quality health and social care delivery. I truly acknowledge that I would need a succinct understanding of teamwork and modern approaches towards health and social solutions. As a future adult nurse, I will always ensure that I initiate effective communication with the rest of my IP team members so as to work together for the common good of the patients. The experience that I learnt was indeed useful as it would enable me to effectively become a successful adult nurse who would stand out from the rest. The person-centred approach was particularly imperative in ensuring that I am able to understand the genesis of multi-disciplinary teamwork. I indeed acknowledge that issues relating to patient care should be approached with interprofessional teamwork so that each medical practitioner offers advice in his or her area of professional knowledge while ensuring that they work as a team. My experience at the multi-disciplinary conference would enable me to become a successful adult nurse who values teamwork and professional collaboration. This conference has also enabled me to have a clear picture of what medical professionals go through and what can be done to avert such challenges. I now feel adequately capable of tacking these challenges that my career as an adult nurse will provide. I have also learnt to take into account the views of other people when making important decisions. Indeed issues of race, gender, class and sexuality among others should not affect multi-disciplinary teamwork. Cultural and social differences should not be construed as effective barriers to IP teamwork. As a future adult nurse, the conference was a brainstorming session which expanded my experience. I was also able to learn that certain general terms used by patients to refer to their illness may indeed cause great confusion among professional health and social care practitioners. These are referred to as stereotypes. In such a situation, the health and social professional practitioner should consult the other members of his or her IP group or team so as to come up with the proper interpretation thus limit errors in the treatment of the patients condition. Synergy model of nursing supports this argument and calls for more consultation in the treatment of the patient. The group discussion on IP education enabled me to visualize the reality between theory and practice. The patient-centred perspective was clearly illuminated by the patients voice presentation. The exclusion of IP working has been seen in collaborative treatment. Decisions made by individual inexperienced doctors have been tragic. The case of Victoria Climbie and Baby Peter can best illuminate this when Baby Tiffany passed on due to negligence. Findings from this tragic situation enabled doctors and nurses to establish a framework that saw the prevention of such situations. It was agreed that IP teams would not be able to prevent the occurrence of every tragic incidence. Some would indeed be inevitable. Hence, I was able to learn the value of communication and collaboration in the build up to my career as an adult nurse. Calla also seems to be struggling with her sexuality. She is a lesbian but before the Christian revival she cannot confess her feelings to Rachel because of the societys views on the subject but after the meeting everyone is feeling like they can open up and that is when she openly tells Rachel of her feelings even though she is turned down. Conclusion In conclusion, we can say that the three elements that make up someones personality are very crucial in molding the character of someone and greatly influence what someone turns into when they are adults. We should therefore strive to help the Id, ego and superego to grow well and the ego especially should be nurtured to surpass the other two in dominance, because as research has shown for a sound thinking adult, the ego should dominate. As much as this may not be achieved in all people, those who hang around children should motivate them so that they do not have problems in adulthood in identity or of self-esteem like was the case of Rachel and Calla. Rachels super-ego is something to reckon with though at times she seems to be not confident enough to tackle the situation at hand. She stands out as a she-wolf, always seizing any opportunity that comes her way.

Howl by Allen Ginsberg Essay -- Poetry Poems

"Howl": How the Poem Came to Be and How it Made Allen Ginsberg Famous When Allen Ginsberg sat down at a secondhand typewriter in 1955 and began the first of his many subsequent drafts of "Howl," he had no idea of the controversy it would cause. I fact, he didn't even set out to write a formal poem and especially not one that he would consider publishing. Instead, what the 29 year old began would materialize into his most famous literary work and the cause of a much publicized trial debating the first amendment right to freedom of speech. The events of Ginsberg's life and the events going on in the world around him inspired and prepared him to write "Howl," but perhaps one of the most important factors contributing to the poem and the author's fame was the surge in interest in writing, reading, and listening to poetry, which came to be known as the San Francisco Poetry Renaissance. The poem that caused the great controversy over obscenity in literature is a four part series of separate works, written mostly at different times that complete a series of ideas, which Judge Clayton Horn considered to have socially redeeming value. In the author's own words, the poem is an 'affirmation' of individual experience of God, sex, drugs, absurdity etc. Part I deals sympathetically with individual cases. Part II describes and rejects the Moloch of society which confounds and suppresses individual experience and forces the individual to consider himself mad if he does not reject his own deepest senses. Part III is an expression of sympathy and identification with C.S. [Carl Solomon] who is in the madhouse -- saying that his madness basically his rebellion against Moloch and I am with him, and extending my hand in union. This is an affir... ...ibliography Cassady, Carolyn. Off the Road. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990. Cherkovski, Neeli. Ferlinghetti: A Biography. New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1979. Eberhart, Richard and Allen Ginsberg. To Eberhart from Ginsberg. Massachusetts: Penmaen Press, 1976. French, Warren. The San Francisco Poetry Renaissance, 1955-1960. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991. Gifford, Barry, ed. As Ever: The Collected Correspondence of Allen Ginsberg to Neal Cassady. Berkeley: Creative Arts Book Company, 1977. Ginsberg, Allen. Howl and Other Poems. San Francicso: City Lights, 1956. Miles, Barry, ed. Howl. New York: Harper Perennial, 1995. Schumacher, Michael. Dharma Lion: A Critical Biography of Allen Ginsberg. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. Simpson, Louis. A Revolution in Taste. New York: Macnillian Publishing Company, Inc., 1978.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay

Legalization of Marijuana Several topics in modern day society cause controversy, but one topic that out ranks them all is the legalization of marijuana. The main argument is whether not marijuana should be treated the same as already legalized drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol. Many Americans use marijuana illegally; the people using the drug range from the age of teens to even adults in their eighties. Marijuana is considered by most, especially in legal terms, as a dangerous drug. Although the drug is seen as such, many still continue to use it and argue it should be legalized for several reasons. Both citizens and government officials alike debate this topic. To successfully develop and argument for the legalization of marijuana the topic must be defined, the history of the topic must be unveiled, an argument must be made, and a good solution should be proposed. Yes, both sides of the argument both have well supported positions, but marijuana should be legalized by the United States government because the facts supporting legalization far outweigh the arguments keeping the drug as it is. Proponents for the legalization of marijuana offer several valid reasons to support their positions. The most common reason is that marijuana is proven to be no more harmful to a person’s body then legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco. They believe that the marijuana only affects the mind for a short term and the long-term effects are only minor. Lawyers Adam Ford and Andrew Walter concur, â€Å" Arguments against legalizing marijuana can usually be applied with equal validity to legal substances such as alcohol and tobacco: alcohol and tobacco can be addictive, can lead to financial or social problems when used in excess, and can lead to serious health problems† (1). These two well recognized attorneys agree that marijuana should be treated the same as tobacco and alcohol because most of the reasons opponents give to not legalize marijuana all fall under bad aspects of those legal drugs. Another argument for the legalization is that the legal selling of marijuana would stimulate the economy. According to researcher, by placing a hardy tax on the drug, the American government could help cure the drastic economic situation America is in today. In the state of California the senate stated that just the crop of marijuana is worth fourteen million dollars. Thus,  legalization would help, well hardily, to stabilize the economy (Russell 230). This large amount of money that legal marijuana is worth just by being taxed would benefit the economy instead of the drug dealers. While there are many reasons for marijuana to be legalized, an equal number of arguments support its current illegal status. An argument against legalization involves the fact that is the government deemed it to be wrong, then it is simply wrong. George Wright and Heather Newton agree, â€Å"One function of government is to protect citizens from harm, whether it is from foreign enemies or from internal causes such as poisonous food or contaminated water. Similarly, the ban on marijuana protects citizens from the dangers of drug consumption, as well as potentially destructive behaviors associated with marijuana use† (1). Many people believe that the US government has everything under control and have full faith in the institution, so if the government says it is harmful then it is harmful. Marijuana is a drug, so, of course, it is a mind-altering substance. This aspect of the drug is a strong argument against its legalization. Mind-altering drugs severally affect the user of the drug and become a long-term â€Å"destroyer† of the weed smoker. This supported by Newton and Wright who claim, substances like marijuana distort an individual’s perceptions and cause an artificial sense of pleasure or satisfaction that can become addictive. Further, intoxicants rob individuals of the ability to see a clear path out of difficulties or toward being a fully productive individual in society† (2). The way that marijuana affects the human brain is its own enemy. Why would a government allow its citizens to use something that interrupts the natural order of thinking? Furthermore, several key terms relating to the topic, help clarify the issue. The terms one must be aware of to understand to the topic are the several different names that are used for marijuana. These names include: weed, â€Å"Mary Jane†, pot, dope, cannabis, reefer, and many slang words. While there are several names for the drug, marijuana is the most commonly used name and is the name used throughout most documents referring to the debate. Gateway drug is a term used throughout the argument of whether the drug  should be legalized or not. A gateway drug is a drug that is used to push a person to do more harmful and destructive drugs. Gateway drug is a term used by those opposing the legalization of marijuana to show its destructiveness. Another term is mind-alerting substance. This term is thrown around on both sides of the issue. A mind-altering substance is something g that cause one to loose judgment and common sense, something that literally affects the brain and its functions. These terms must be understood to be able to fallow the arguments throughout the issue. The legalization of marijuana is argued by all people from teenagers debating in a school function to senators arguing over a proposed bill. Marijuana is an illicit drug that thousands of people want to legalize for many reasons, personally and morally. It is also a drug that thousands of people want the status to be the same as it is right now and never changed. This fact is the reason why the legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic that is constantly argued over by all kinds of people. To be able to truly understand the debate of a topic, one must be aware of the background and history of said topic. The marijuana plant has been used in the world for hundreds of years. Cannabis was first used as a medical drug in India, in the year 1200 (â€Å"The History†). Over the next seven hundred years marijuana ventured its way across Asia and Europe, ending up in the Americas. Americans were introduced to drugs in the late nineteenth century. According to researchers, the first law banning in type of illegal drug in the US was in 1914, the Harrison Narcotics Act (Russell 533). This act banned the recreational use of opium and cocaine type drugs. A few years after this marijuana was introduced to America by immigrants from central America and the Caribbean Islands. Marijuana use began to progress throughout America very quickly, especially in the Hispanic and African American communities. As the use of the drug began to expand, state governments began to realize it was a problem and acted accordingly. Russell relates that, by the 1930’s twenty-four states banned the use of cannabis in any possible way (533). This was the beginning of the widespread prohibition of marijuana in all of the country. Around this same time the Federal Bureau of Narcotics was created and was  led by Harry J. Anslinger, who was know as the â€Å"father of marijuana prohibition (Russell 533). With the criminalization of marijuana beginning to become a nationally understood topic, people began debate even more on the topic. Even well known people such as professors and government officials began to debate on the drug. Among these includes professor David F. Mutso, who stated, in 1935, that Anslinger was not an anti-marijuana â€Å"crusader,† and that he was focused more on heroin (Russell 534). Although this was the case many people were pushing for the federal prohibition of marijuana. These â€Å"people† include newspapers and public informing institutions, such as the New York Times. This largely spread information began to change United States officials mind and in 1937 the Marijuana Tax Act was passed (Russell 534). Although the name is discerning, this act prohibited the use of marijuana in all of the United States, and soon after all state governments banned the use of weed as well (â€Å"History of Cannabis†). In that same year, Samuel Caldwell was the first person to be convicted of selling drugs on the federal level (â€Å"The History†). In the 1960’s and 1970’s America began to undergo a grand social change. With this social change many citizens began to smoke marijuana illegally with no concern for the law. Even soldiers at war consumed the drug. The Times wrote that even one soldier smoked cannabis every time he was out on patrol during the Vietnam War (Russell 535). The use of Marijuana began to show up in media forms to such as music and movies. This blatant use proved that laws were not going to stop people from doing what they want: to smoke weed. Russell states, â€Å" Marijuana use by twelfth graders climbed during the seventies in all regions and among all racial and ethnic groups . . . . [reaching] by then an all-time high of 50.8 percent of all high school seniors [who] had used marijuana† (536). With many American using this drug with out respect of the law, people of importance in the government began the debate of legalizing the use of marijuana. In 1969, the Supreme Court outlawed the Stamp Act, making cannabis legal for a short time until 1970, when the Controlled Substance Act was passed (â€Å"History of Cannabis †). This embarked the beginning of one of the largest debates in American history. By the 1990’s the government began to place a zero tolerance rule on drug convicts, meaning they receive no sympathy. The government had become much stricter and more abusive on making sure that marijuana stayed illegal and that Americans knew it. As the government became harder on drugs, including marijuana, this caused US citizens to want it legalized even more, thus strengthening the debate on the issue. According to Russell, as people began wanting it to be legalized, researches also began realize the medical uses for marijuana and soon after in the state of California marijuana was legalized for medical uses only (534). This was one small step for marijuana to be fully legalized. This medical marijuana sparked even more debate on the issue, and as the government debated more and more, Hawaii and Colorado pass medical marijuana laws aswell (Russell 534). In 2006, the FDA sated that marijuana was harmful and had no medical use and vetoed the medical-marijuana law (â€Å"The History†). Although medical marijuana is considered illegal in federal standings, the Obama administration has stated that that they will defer to state medical marijuana laws. This means that the federal government will allow the states to decide how to deal with the issue. So with the debate of legalizing marijuana also come with the smaller debate of the legalization of medical marijuana. (Russell 534). As the United States entered the new millennia, many Government officials began to propose bills for the legalization of marijuana (â€Å"The History†). They did this stating many things such as that it could help stabilize the economy by taxing the drug and that weed is no worse then legal drugs. Of course, these bills were never passed, but it put the ideas into the heads of several people in Washington. Today, there are more Senators and House Representatives who agree with marijuana legalization than ever. With more leaders of our country beginning to change sides of the argument, many citizens are fallowing by example and agreeing. The history of the issue is not long in terms of world history but it is something that needs be understood to know why the debate of the legalization is such a controversy. As the history of marijuana continues to grow, so does the strength of the  controversial debate of legalization. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial topic, which on almost every American adult has an opinion. The topic has been argued for many years, but there must be a side that is right in the end. Both sides, pro and con, of legalizing marijuana have very convincing arguments, but the reasons of pro legalization are far more convincing than the opponents’ side. Legalization of marijuana is very beneficial to the United States as a whole and its citizens. There are several very well thought out reasons that support the legalization marijuana. First and foremost, marijuana effects on the human body are no more harmful to then legal drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol. Marijuana is a mind-altering drug that can be dangerous in certain situations, but alcohol is also a drug that greatly affects the mind that causes even more destruction than marijuana (â€Å"Facts†). If marijuana is no more harmful to the mind than alcohol, should it not be treated the same? If an individual consumes too much alcohol at one time, it could result in alcohol poisoning and the individual could die, but someone cannot die from over consumption of marijuana, making marijuana safer than alcohol (â€Å"Facts†). Researchers agree that alcohol is one of the most intoxicating drugs, while marijuana is one of the least, and that there has never been a single death from an overdose of weed (â€Å"Facts†). Opponents of legalization argue that because marijuana is smoked and inhaled, it can cause lung and throat problems, but tobacco is also inhaled and can cause the exact same effects as cannabis. Tobacco is actually the leading cause of lung cancer found in US citizens. Although opponents of the argument contest that marijuana effects the mind in an entirely different way than legal drugs, weed is equally, if not less, dangerous to people and their minds. Ford and Walter agree, â€Å"Marijuana should be placed in the same category as alcohol and tobacco: a legal, regulated intoxicant† (1). So if the marijuana is no more dangerous than legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, and the government says these drugs are safe, then the United States government in turn agrees that marijuana is sa fe. Moreover, a federal tax on legalized marijuana could play a significant role in helping stabilize the failing American economic system. The United States is in an economic turmoil, and the country has been stuck in a recession for the past years. Taxing marijuana could pump billions of dollars into the system causing a theoretical inflation, which could initially help propel America to stabilization. Even the Californian governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger agrees that the US should look at the economic benefits of legalized marijuana (Russell 527). Opponents argue that a simple tax on one drug could not have a long-term effect on the American economy, but a marijuana tax would produce revenue into the system without any type of government spending. Also, the mass production of marijuana will require thousands of jobs. This means thousands of people would obtain jobs causing the unemployment rate to lower substantially. The amount of money that would be produced by legalized marijuana is outstanding. Americans already spend millions of dollars on an illegal drugs, even with the dangers of being charged with a crime, so with it legalized these Americans will be willing to spend even more money annually. Thirdly, marijuana can be used for medical purposes, to help treat diseases for example, cancer and glaucoma. This drug has scientific proof that it can help patients with the awful pain that comes with many illnesses. Researchers state, Doctors already use highly addictive drugs such as dolodin and morphine to help treat patients with severe pain. Both of these drugs are completely legal for medical use and are used on an everyday basis (â€Å"Medical Marijuana†). If the government can allow these drugs, which are potentially dangerous, they should also allow medical marijuana be a regularly practiced treatment. Medical marijuana has been passed by state legislation in several states including California, Hawaii, and Colorado (â€Å"Medical Marijuana†). State level officials recognize that marijuana’s medical uses are very feasible and that it is worth legalization. If states want medical marijuana, then soon the federal government will follow by example and do the same. Legalization of marijuana will make it easier for those, who would benefit form its medical uses, to be able to obtain the drug.Finally, with cannabis’s legalization would result in the crime rate associated with the drug to lower at an exponential rate. The individuals that obtain and sell illicit drugs come with many dangerous and illegal things other than the drugs they sell. Most â€Å"drug dealers,† that sell large supplies of marijuana are also involved with many other crimes such as murder and assault. Although opponents of legalization argue that  marijuana being legalized would not have a big effect on crime, with law enforcement not having to deal with crime around marijuana they would have much more time to handle other more life threatening crimes.Chris Collins is a narcotics police officer at the Memphis Police Department. He patrols the highways fiv e days of the week searching vehicle after vehicle trying to find large amounts of marijuana and other drugs. He wastes many of his days searching for marijuana and usually coming up with nothing, when he could have used this time doing something else such as patrolling the streets for criminals committing more dangerous crimes. Collins agreed, â€Å" I wish sometimes I could spend more time searching for more dangerous illicit drugs such as cocaine or crystal meth or stopping crimes that affect the lives of Memphis citizens† (2).Several reasons support the legalization of marijuana: marijuana is no more dangerous than legal drugs, a tax on legal marijuana would have positive effects of the economy, marijuana has medical uses, and legalized marijuana would cause a safer US. The topic has been argued over for many years, yet these valid reasons help prove that marijuana should be legalized. No argument for either side of a controversial topic is any good without a solution that follows it. The legalization of marijuana is argued over and over again, but nothing will be done unless a co mpromising solution is reached. Cannabis should be legalized, but to prevent the dangers that opponents of legalization fear for the drug, the law should contain certain parameters. These parameters include an age minimum and a limit on how much marijuana an individual can purchase at one time. Both sides of the argument must make sacrifices to make an ending decision to the controversy. If marijuana is legalized, certain concessions are necessary. To begin, the age minimum that would be set for legalized marijuana would help protect young people who are not wise adults from the dangers of abusing the drug. If people who do not know their own limits does not carefully consume marijuana, then it could be harmful to their bodies. Ford and Walter conclude that marijuana is not dangerous until someone uses and abuses it the wrong way (1). Children and teenagers do not know how to handle potentially dangerous substances such as drugs. This is evident also because other legalized drugs have age minimums set by the United States government. No one under the age of twenty-one can consume alcohol; likewise tobacco is not allowed to be sold to citizens  under the legal age of eighteen. The drug being legalized gives the people what they want, but the age boundary allows the government to continue to protect them. Moreover, if the federal government set a limit on the amount of marijuana that someone could purchase at one time, it would prevent the drug from being abused but still allow its consumers to enjoy its benefits. Americans are known around the world for their over consumption of wants. This is evident in our increasing obesity problem. So if cannabis were legalized then many United States citizens would end up over consuming the drug and put themselves, their bodies, and their minds in danger (Russell 540). The l imit of obtaining the drug would save lives, allowing the government to still have some control over the usage, while it will not have one hundred percent control. With a proposed solution to the controversy of the legalization of marijuana, the argument pro legalization is completed. There are several reasons that marijuana should be legalized. Although opponents of the controversy have facts supporting their argument, the facts supporting proponents far out weigh the other side. Marijuana has been a drug that has struck argument among arguments in the past decades. The legalization of cannabis is a topic that will stir up controversy until a final solution has been made that has elements pleasing both sides of the argument. The legalization of marijuana could find a ending solution by both sides coming together to create a balanced and sacrificial decision. If this happens not only will proponents of legalization but also opponents will be happy and satisfied with the final decision Works Cited Collins, Chris. Personal Interview. 30 March 2011. â€Å"Facts on Cannabis and Alcohol†. SAFERchoice.org. N.P.. 2007. Web.3 Apr. 2011. Ford, Adams and Andrew Walter. â€Å"Point: Marijuana Should Be Legalized.† Point ofView: Legalization of Marijuana. 2009. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 8 Mar. 2011. â€Å"History of Cannabis Prohibition.† Legalize.org. N.p., 2005.Web. 29 Mar 2011. â€Å"The History of Marijuana.† LegalizationofMarijuana.com. N.p., 2008.Web. 29 Mar 2011. â€Å"Medical Marijuana.† Drugpolicy.org. Drug Policy Alliance. 2011. Web. 4 Apr. 2011 Newton, George and Heather Newton. â€Å" Counterpoint: There Are No Good  Reasonsto Legalize Marijuana.† Point of View: Legalization of Marijuana. 2009. Pointsof View Reference Center. Web. 2011. â€Å"Medical Marijuana.† ProCon.org. N.P.. 2011. Web. 3 Apr. 2011 Russell, Julia. â€Å"Legalizing Marijuana.† CQ Researcher. (12 Jun. 2009). CQ Press.Web. 8 Mar. 2011.